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Perceptual narrowing
Perceptual narrowing is a developmental process during which the brain uses environmental experiences to shape perceptual abilities. This process improves the perception of things that people experience often and causes them to experience a decline in the ability to perceive some things to which they are not often exposed.〔Lewkowicz, D. J., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2009). The emergence of multisensory systems through perceptual narrowing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(11), 470-478. 〕〔Scott, L. S., Pascalis, O., & Nelson, C. A. (2007). A domain-general theory of the development of perceptual discrimination. Current Directions in Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 16(4), 197-201. 〕〔Scott, L. S., & Monesson, A. (2010). Experience-dependent neural specialization during infancy. Neuropsychologia, 48(6), 1857-1861. 〕 This phenomenon is a result of neuroplasticity, including Hebbian learning and synaptic pruning.〔 Through these mechanisms, neural pathways that are more consistently used are strengthened, making them more efficient, while those pathways that are unused become less efficient. This process is most evident during sensitive periods of development.〔Tierney, A.L., & Nelson III, C.A. (2009). Brain development and the role of experience in the early years. Zero to Three, 30(2), 9-13〕 The prevailing theory is that human infants are born with the ability to sense a wide variety of stimuli, and as they age, they begin to selectively narrow these perceptions by categorizing them in a more socio-culturally relevant way. Most of the research in this area focuses on facial discrimination and phoneme distinction in human infants. Perceptual narrowing has also been implicated in synaesthesia.
== Facial Discrimination ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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